What would it take for decarbonization to take root? While the use of renewables is on the rise — taking in double the investment for power generation as coal, gas, oil and nuclear combined — the global energy system still derived 85% of its power from fossil fuels, according to the Economist. Combining a massive boost in renewables with nuclear power and fossil fuels with capture and storage (CCS) will go a long way to producing serious amounts of clean electricity.

But can this keep up with the heavy pollutants? For fields like heavy transportation, heating, and industry, where electricity and lithium-ion batteries aren’t useful, decarbonization is a much bigger challenge. In the last year of available data, 2014, those three sectors produced 41% of global carbon dioxide emissions. To keep global warming below 2°C, industry alone will have to cut emissions by 50-80% to 2050. And that’s before we start talking about extracting hundreds of bns of tons of CO2 from the atmosphere through negative emissions.

We need to think beyond a one size fits all solution: Scientists led by Steven Davis at the University of California Irvine have released a report mapping out a net-zero-emissions energy system achieved with technologies available today. These ‘fairly simple and finite tools’ include hydrogen and ammonia, biofuels, synthetic fuels, ccs, and removal of carbon from the atmosphere, as well as electricity and batteries.